SO₂ gas-generating pads are specialized packaging materials used in the post-harvest preservation of table grapes during storage and transport. These pads slowly release sulfur dioxide (SO₂) gas, which acts as an antifungal agent, primarily to prevent Botrytis cinerea, commonly known as gray mold, one of the major post-harvest diseases in grapes.
These pads contain a chemical mixture (usually sodium metabisulfite (Na₂S₂O₅)) that reacts with moisture in the storage environment to produce sulfur dioxide gas. The gas then diffuses around the grapes, inhibiting mold growth and extending shelf life.
There are different types based on the rate and duration of gas release:
2. Dual-Release Pads
3. Fast-Release Pads
Different benefits:
SO2 Pads are used in orchards and gardens for grapes such as:
Pre-cool the grapes to around 0 °C (32 °F) as quickly as possible after harvest. This reduces decay and rachis browning.
Line the packaging box (corrugated or plastic) with a plastic liner. Place a moisture-absorbing layer (like absorbent paper) at the bottom to protect against moisture-related damage.
Place grapes into the lined box.
Lay the SO₂ pad on top, with the printed (non-chemical) side facing upward/towards grapes. Tissue may be used between grapes and the pad for sensitive varieties.
Moisture-activated pads (e.g., KIF pads) can be sprayed or sprinkled with water to trigger immediate SO₂ release followed by sustained emission.
Seal the box completely and store in a cold storage environment (0–1 °C, RH ~92–95%). Use perforated liners for better SO₂ circulation and to minimize weight loss.
Label boxes clearly as containing SO₂ pads. Open in a well-ventilated area. People with sulfite sensitivity or asthma should avoid handling these pads.
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